Shaqada muraayadda dareeraha dareeraha ah ee korantada korantada ayaa inta badan ah in loo beddelo awoodda dhexe ee 220V ee qulqulka tooska ah ee kala duwan ee looga baahan yahay hawlgalka bandhiga dareeraha dareeraha ah, iyo in la bixiyo danab shaqeynaya oo loogu talagalay wareegyada kontoroolka kala duwan, wareegyada macquulka ah, kontaroolada, iwm. . ee muraayadda dareeraha ah ee kristanta, iyo xasilloonida shaqadeeda Waxay si toos ah u saameynaysaa in kormeeraha LCD uu si caadi ah u shaqeyn karo.
1. Qaab dhismeedka dareeraha muraayadda muraayadda korontada
Dareeraha soo bandhiga korantada korantada ee dareeraha ah waxay inta badan dhalisaa 5V, 12V danab shaqeeya. Waxaa ka mid ah, korantada 5V inta badan waxay bixisaa danab shaqeynaya wareegga macquulka ah ee guddiga weyn iyo nalalka tilmaamayaasha ee guddiga hawlgalka; 12V danab inta badan waxay bixisaa danab shaqeeya guddiga-voltage sare iyo guddiga darawalka.
Wareegga korantadu wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay wareegga shaandhada, wareegga shaandhaynta buundada, wareegga ugu muhiimsan, beddelka beddelka, wareegga filterka, wareegga ilaalinta, wareegga bilowga jilicsan, kontaroolaha PWM iyo wixii la mid ah.
Waxaa ka mid ah, doorka wareegga shaandhada AC waa in la baabi'iyo faragelinta sare ee dhexdhexaadiyaha (wareegga filter toosan wuxuu guud ahaan ka kooban yahay iska caabiyeyaasha, capacitors iyo inductors); Doorka wareegga shaandhada rectifier ee buundada waa in loo beddelo 220V AC 310V DC; wareegga wareegga shaqada sixitaanku waa in loo beddelo awoodda DC ee ku saabsan 310V iyada oo loo marayo tuubada beddelka iyo beddelka beddelka tamarta garaaca garaaca ee baaxadda kala duwan; Shaqada wareegga shaandhada sixitaanku waa in loo beddelo wax soo saarka korantada garaaca wadnaha iyada oo beddelka beddelka loo beddelo tamarta aasaasiga ah ee 5V ee loo baahan yahay culeyska ka dib hagaajinta iyo shaandhaynta iyo 12V; Shaqada wareegga ilaalinta xad-dhaafka ah waa in laga fogaado dhaawaca tuubada wareejinta ama sahayda korantada ee ay keento culeys aan caadi ahayn ama sababo kale; Shaqada kontoroolka PWM waa in la xakameeyo wareejinta tuubada wareejinta oo la xakameeyo wareegga iyadoo loo eegayo tamarta jawaab celinta wareegga ilaalinta.
Marka labaad, mabda'a shaqada ee wareegga sahayda korantada bandhigga crystal dareeraha
Wareegga korantada ee bandhiga crystal dareeraha guud ahaan wuxuu qaataa habka wareegga wareegga. Wareegga sahayda korontadu wuxuu u beddelaa korantada AC 220V ee korantada DC iyada oo loo marayo hagaajinta iyo shaandhaynta wareegga, ka dibna waxaa gooya tuubo beddeleysa oo hoos u dhigaya koronto-dhaliye sare si uu u helo koronto-xagal sare oo wareeg ah. Sixitaan iyo shaandhayn ka dib, korantada DC ee looga baahan yahay cutub kasta oo LCD ah ayaa soo baxaya.
Kuwa soo socdaa waxay qaadanayaan bandhiga dareeraha AOCLM729 tusaale ahaan si ay u sharxaan mabda'a shaqada ee wareegga sahayda korontadda dareeraha. Wareegga korantada ee AOCLM729 bandhiga dareeraha dareeraha ah wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay wareegga shaandhada AC, wareegga biriijka, wareegga bilawga jilicsan, wareegga ugu muhiimsan, wareegga shaandhada hagaajinta, wareegga ilaalinta korantada iyo wixii la mid ah.
Sawirka jireed ee looxa wareegga korantada:
Jaantuska jaantuska wareegga korantada:
- Wareegga filter AC
Shaqada wareegga shaandhada AC waa in la sifeeyo buuqa uu keenay khadka AC-ga oo la xakameeyo buuqa jawaab celinta ee ka dhex abuurma korontada.
Sawaxanka gudaha sawaxanka korantada inta badan waxa ku jira qaylada qaabka caadiga ah iyo sawaxanka caadiga ah. Korontada hal-waji ah, waxaa jira 2 fiilooyin koronto AC ah iyo 1 silig dhulka ah oo ku yaal dhinaca galitaanka. Sawaxanka ka dhasha labada xadhkaha korantada ee AC iyo siliga dhulka ee dhinaca gelinta korontada waa sawaxan caadi ah; buuqa ka dhex dhasha labada xadhkaha korontada ee AC waa sawaxan caadi ah. Wareegga shaandhada AC waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa si loo sifeeyo labadan nooc ee qaylada. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay sidoo kale u adeegtaa sida ilaalinta qulqulka wareegga wareegga iyo ilaalinta korantada. Waxaa ka mid ah, fiyuuska waxaa loo isticmaalaa ilaalinta xad-dhaafka ah, iyo varistor-ka waxaa loo isticmaalaa ilaalinta korantada xad-dhaafka ah. Sawirka hoose waa jaantuska jaantuska wareegga shaandhada AC.
Jaantuska, inductors L901, L902, iyo capacitors C904, C903, C902, iyo C901 waxay sameeyaan filter EMI. Inductors L901 iyo L902 ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu shaandheeyo buuqa caadiga ah ee soo noqnoqda hooseeya; C901 iyo C902 waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu shaandheeyo buuqa caadiga ah ee soo noqnoqda hooseeya; C903 iyo C904 waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu shaandheeyo buuqa caadiga ah ee soo noqnoqda ee soo noqnoqda iyo qaylada caadiga ah (faragelinta korantada ee inta jeer ee soo noqnoqda); iska caabiyaha xaddidaya hadda R901 iyo R902 ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sii daayo capacitor marka furka korontada la furo; Caymiska F901 waxa loo isticmaalaa ilaalinta xad dhaafka ah, varistor NR901 waxa loo isticmaalaa ilaalinta korantada xad dhaafka ah.
Marka fiilada korantada ee muraayadda dareeraha ah la geliyo godka korantada, 220V AC wuxuu soo maraa fiyuuska F901 iyo varistor NR901 si looga hortago saameynta qulqulka, ka dibna wuxuu sii maraa wareegga ka kooban capacitors C901, C902, C903, C904, iska caabiyeyaasha R901, R902, iyo inductors L901, L902. Geli wareegga hagaajinta buundada ka dib wareegga ka-hortagga faragelinta.
2. Wareegga shaandhaynta biriijka
Shaqada wareegga shaandhada rectifier ee buundada waa in loo beddelo 220V AC danab DC ah ka dib hagaajinta mawjada buuxa, ka dibna u beddelo danab laba jeer danabka dhexe ka dib shaandhaynta.
Wareegga shaandhaynta buundada wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay toosiye buundada DB901 iyo capacitor filter C905.
Jaantuska, toosiyaha buundada wuxuu ka kooban yahay 4 diodes rectifier, iyo capacitor filter waa 400V capacitor. Marka 220V AC dhexda dhexe la sifeeyo, waxa ay gashaa rectifier-ga buundada. Ka dib markii uu toosiyaha buundada ku sameeyo hagaajinta hirarka buuxa ee dhexda AC, waxa ay noqotaa danab DC ah. Markaas danabka DC waxaa loo beddelaa danab 310V DC iyada oo loo marayo capacitor filter C905.
3. wareegga bilawga jilicsan
Shaqada wareegga bilawga jilicsan waa in laga hortago saameynta degdega ah ee hadda ku jirta capacitor si loo hubiyo hawlgalka caadiga ah oo la isku halleyn karo ee sahayda wareejinta. Maadaama korantada bilawga ah ee capacitor-ku uu eber yahay wakhtigan xaadirka ah marka wareegga wax-gelinta uu shidmayo, qulqulka degdega ah ee degdega ah ayaa la samayn doonaa, hadda tani waxay badanaa keeni doontaa fiyuuska wax-gelinta si uu u qarxiyo, markaa wareegga bilawga jilicsan wuxuu u baahan yahay la dhigo. Wareegga bilawga jilicsan wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay iska caabiyeyaasha bilawga ah, diodes rectifier, iyo capacitors filter. Sida ku cad shaxanka waa jaantuska jaantuska wareegga bilawga jilicsan.
Shaxda, iska caabiyeyaasha R906 iyo R907 waa iska caabiyeyaasha u dhigma ee 1MΩ. Maadaama iska caabiyeyaashani ay leeyihiin qiime iska caabin weyn, hadda shaqadoodu aad bay u yar tahay. Marka sahayda korantada la bilaabo hadda, bilawga hadda shaqeeya ee looga baahan yahay SG6841 waxaa lagu daraa terminalka wax gelinta (pin 3) ee SG6841 ka dib markii ay hoos u dhigtay 300V DC koronto sare iyada oo loo marayo resistors R906 iyo R907 si loo xaqiijiyo bilawga jilicsan . Marka tubbada beddelka ay u noqoto xaalad shaqo oo caadi ah, korantada-soo noqnoqda sare ee lagu aasaasay beddelka beddelka ayaa la hagaajiyaa oo lagu sifeeyaa diode-haye D902 iyo capacitor filter C907, ka dibna wuxuu noqdaa tamarta shaqada ee chip SG6841, iyo bilowga- Hannaan kor u kaca waa dhamaaday.
4. wareegga ugu muhiimsan
Shaqada wareegga ugu muhiimsan waa in la helo korantada mowjad leydi-xagal ah oo soo noqnoqota iyada oo loo marayo wareejinta tuubada gooynta iyo beddelka-soo-celinta-sare ee hoos-u-dhigga.
Wareegga beddelka ee ugu weyn wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay tuubada wareejinta, kontaroolaha PWM, beddelka beddelka, wareegga ilaalinta xad-dhaafka ah, wareegga ilaalinta korantada sare iyo wixii la mid ah.
Jaantuska, SG6841 waa kontaroolaha PWM, kaas oo ah udub dhexaadka sahayda wareejinta. Waxay dhalin kartaa calaamadda wadista oo leh soo noqnoqoshada go'an iyo ballaca garaaca wadnaha ee la hagaajin karo, waxayna koontaroolaysaa xaaladda off-ka ee tuubada wareejinta, si ay u hagaajiso tamarta wax soo saarka si loo gaaro ujeedada xasilinta danab. . Q903 waa tubbada beddelka, T901 waa beddelka beddelka, iyo wareegga ka kooban tuubada xakamaynta danab ZD901, resistor R911, transistor Q902 iyo Q901, iyo resistor R901 waa wareegga ilaalinta overvoltage.
Marka PWM uu bilaabo inuu shaqeeyo, pin 8th ee SG6841 wuxuu soo saaraa mawjadaha garaaca wadnaha ee leydilaha ah (guud ahaan inta jeer ee garaaca wax soo saarka waa 58.5kHz, wareegga waajibaadkuna waa 11.4%). Wadnaha ayaa maamula tuubada wareejinta ee Q903 si uu u sameeyo ficil beddelka iyadoo loo eegayo inta jeer ee uu shaqeeyo. Marka tuubada wareejinta ee Q903 si joogto ah loo shido/damiyo si ay u samaysato oscillation is faraxsan, Transformer T901 waxa uu bilaabaa in uu shaqeeyo oo uu dhaliyo danab gawli ah.
Marka terminalka wax soo saarka ee pin 8 ee SG6841 uu yahay mid heer sare ah, tuubada wareejinta ee Q903 waa la shiday, ka dibna gariiradda aasaasiga ah ee beddelka beddelka T901 ayaa hadda dhex socota, taas oo soo saarta koronto togan iyo taban; isla markaa, heerka labaad ee transformerku waxa uu dhaliyaa danab togan iyo taban. Waqtigaan, diode D910 ee dugsiga sare waa la gooyaa, marxaladani waa heerka kaydinta tamarta; marka terminalka wax soo saarka ee pin 8 ee SG6841 uu yahay heer hoose, tuubada beddelka ee Q903 waa la gooyaa, iyo hadda ku jira gariiradda aasaasiga ah ee beddelka beddelka T901 isla markiiba wuu isbeddelaa. waa 0, xoogga korantada ee asaasiga ah waa mid hoose oo togan iyo taban sare, iyo xoogga korantada ee sare ee togan iyo ta hoose ayaa lagu soo rogay heerka labaad. Waqtigaan, diode D910 waa shid oo bilaabaa inuu soo saaro danab.
(1) wareegga ilaalinta xad dhaafka ah
Mabda'a shaqada ee wareegga ilaalinta xad-dhaafka ah waa sida soo socota.
Ka dib marka tuubada furaha ee Q903 la shido, hadda waxa uu ka soo qulquli doonaa bulaacada ilaa isha tuubada furaha Q903, waxaana danab laga dhalin doonaa R917. Resistor R917 waa iska caabiyaha ogaanshaha hadda, oo korantada ay dhaliso waxaa si toos ah loogu daraa terminalka gelinta aan rogrogin ee isbarbardhigga ogaanshaha xad-dhaafka ah ee kontaroolaha PWM SG6841 chip (oo ah pin 6), ilaa inta korantadu ay dhaafto 1V, waa waxay ka dhigi doontaa kontaroolaha PWM SG6841 gudaha Wareegga ilaalinta hadda ayaa bilaabmaya, si pin 8th uu u joojiyo soo saarista hirarka garaaca, iyo tuubada beddelka iyo beddelka beddelka waxay joojiyaan shaqada si loo xaqiijiyo ilaalinta hadda jirta.
(2) Wareegga ilaalinta tamarta sare
Mabda'a shaqada ee wareegga ilaalinta tamarta sare waa sida soo socota.
Marka danabku kororto oo dhaafsiisan qiimaha ugu badan, danabka wax soo saarka ee gariiradda jawaab-celinta beddelka ayaa waliba kordhin doonta. Danabku wuxuu dhaafi doonaa 20V, waqtigan tuubada xakameynta danab ZD901 waa la jabay, iyo hoos u dhaca danabku wuxuu ku dhacaa resistor R911. Marka hoos u dhaca danabku yahay 0.6V, transistor Q902 waa shid, ka dibna saldhigga transistor-ka Q901 wuxuu noqonayaa heer sare, sidaas darteed transistor Q901 sidoo kale waa shid. Isla mar ahaantaana, diode D903 ayaa sidoo kale daaran, taasoo keentay in pin 4th ee PWM kantaroolaha SG6841 chip in la dejiyo, taasoo keentay in degdeg ah wareegga gaaban, taas oo ka dhigaysa kontaroolaha PWM SG6841 si dhakhso ah u dami wax soo saarka garaaca wadnaha.
Intaa waxaa dheer, ka dib markii transistor Q902 la shido, danab tixraaca 15V ee pin 7 ee PWM kontaroolaha SG6841 si toos ah u qotomiyey iyada oo resistor R909 iyo transistor Q901 ah. Sidan oo kale, tamarta korantada ee terminalka korantada ee kontaroolka PWM SG6841 chip waxay noqotaa 0, kontaroolaha PWM wuxuu joojiyaa soo saarista hirarka garaaca wadnaha, iyo tuubada wareejinta iyo beddelka beddelka waxay joojiyaan shaqada si loo gaaro ilaalinta korantada sare.
5. Wareegga shaandhada toosiyaha
Shaqada wareegga shaandhada sixitaanka waa in la saxo oo la shaandheeyo tamarta wax soo saarka beddelka si loo helo danab deggan oo DC ah. Sababtoo ah qulqulka qulqulka beddelka beddelka iyo sare u kaca ay keento soo kabashada hadda ee diode soo saarka, labaduba waxay sameeyaan faragelin koronto oo suurtagal ah. Sidaa darteed, si loo helo koronto saafi ah oo ah 5V iyo 12V, danabka wax soo saarka beddelka beddelka waa in la saxo oo la sifeeyaa.
Wareegga shaandhada toosiye wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay dareerayaasha, iska caabiyeyaasha filter, capacitors filter, filter inductors, iwm.
Jaantuska, wareegga shaandhada RC (caabista R920 iyo capacitor C920, resistor R922 iyo capacitor C921) oo ku xiran isku midka ah diode D910 iyo D912 dhamaadka wax soo saarka sare ee beddelka beddelka T901 waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu nuugo koronta sare ee ka dhashay Diode D910 iyo D912.
Shaandheeyaha LC oo ka kooban diode D910, capacitor C920, resistor R920, inductor L903, capacitors C922 iyo C924 waxay shaandhayn kartaa faragelinta korantada ee 12V wax soo saarka korontadu waxayna soo saartaa korantada 12V deggan.
Filterka LC ee ka kooban diode D912, capacitor C921, resistor R921, inductor L904, capacitors C923 iyo C925 waxay shaandheyn kartaa faragelinta korantada ee korontada wax soo saarka 5V ee transformer waxayna soo saartaa korantada 5V deggan.
6. 12V/5V wareegga xakamaynta xakamaynta
Tan iyo markii 220V AC korantada dhexda ah ay isku beddesho heer go'an, marka korontadu kor u kacdo, tamarta wax soo saarka ee beddelka wareegga korantada ayaa sidoo kale u kici doonta si waafaqsan. Si loo helo koronto deggan oo 5V iyo 12V ah, wareegtada nidaamiyaha ah.
Xakamaynta korantada ee 12V/5V inta badan waxay ka kooban tahay nidaamiyaha korantada saxda ah (TL431), indho-indheeyaha, kontaroolaha PWM, iyo iska caabiyaha qaybiyaha korantada.
Shaxda, IC902 waa optocoupler, IC903 waa nidaamiye danab sax ah, iyo iska caabiyeyaasha R924 iyo R926 waa iska caabiyeyaasha qaybiyaha danab.
Marka wareegga sahayda korantadu shaqaynayso, 12V wax soo saarka DC waxaa loo qaybiyaa resistors R924 iyo R926, koronto ayaa la soo saarayaa R926, taas oo si toos ah loogu daray TL431 saxnaanta korantada nidaamiyaha (ee terminalka R). Waxaa laga garan karaa cabbirrada iska caabbinta wareegga wareegga Korontadu waxay ku filan tahay oo keliya inay shido TL431. Sidan, korantada 5V waxay ku dhex qulquli kartaa muraayadaha indhaha iyo korantada saxda ah. Marka uu hadda ku dhex qulqulo LED-ka indhaha indhaha, muraayadaha indhaha ee IC902 waxa uu bilaabaa in uu shaqeeyo oo uu dhamaystiro muunada danabka.
Marka korantada dhexe ee 220V AC kor u kacdo oo korantada wax soo saarku kor u kacdo si waafaqsan, hadda ku qulqulaya optocoupler IC902 ayaa sidoo kale kordhin doona si la mid ah, iyo dhalaalka diode iftiimiya gudaha muraayadda indhaha ayaa sidoo kale u kordhin doona si waafaqsan. Iska caabbinta gudaha ee phototransistor sidoo kale waxay noqotaa mid yar isla waqti isku mid ah, si darajada conduction ee terminalka phototransistor sidoo kale la xoojin doono. Marka darajada korantada ee sawir-qaadaha la xoojiyey, danabka pin 2 ee kontaroolka korantada PWM ee SG6841 isla waqti isku mid ah ayaa hoos u dhacaya. Maaddaama danabkan lagu daro soo-gelinta rogidda ee cod-weyneeye khalad gudaha ah ee SG6841, wareegga waajibaadka garaaca garaaca SG6841 ayaa la kantaroolaa si loo yareeyo danab-soo-saarka. Sidan, wareegga jawaab celinta soo-saarka xad-dhaafka ah ayaa loo sameeyay si loo gaaro shaqada xasilinta wax-soo-saarka, korantada wax-soo-saarka waxaa lagu xasilin karaa agagaarka 12V iyo 5V.
tilmaam:
Indha-kormeerku wuxuu u adeegsadaa iftiinka dhexdhexaad ahaan si uu u gudbiyo calaamadaha korantada. Waxay leedahay saameyn go'doon oo wanaagsan oo ku saabsan soo-gelinta iyo soo-saarka calaamadaha korantada, sidaas darteed waxaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa wareegyada kala duwan. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu kala duwan uguna isticmaalka badan aaladaha optoelectronic. Indho-indheeyaha guud ahaan waxa uu ka kooban yahay saddex qaybood: qiiqa sii daaya, soo dhawaynta iftiinka, iyo kor u qaadida calaamadaha. Calaamadaha korantada ee wax-soo-saarka ahi waxa ay wadaa diode-ka-iftiinka (LED) si uu u shido iftiinka mawjadaha dhererka qaarkood, kaas oo uu helo sawir-qaaduhu si uu u dhaliyo sawir-qaade, kaas oo la sii xoojiyay oo soo saarista. Tani waxay dhamaystiraysaa beddelka korantada-optical-electrical-ka, sidaas awgeed waxay ciyaaraysaa doorka wax-soo-saarka, soo-saarka, iyo go'doominta. Maaddaama wax-soo-saarka iyo soo-saarka muraayadaha indhaha ay ka go'an yihiin midba midka kale, iyo gudbinta calaamadda korantada waxay leedahay sifooyin aan toos ahayn, waxay leedahay awood koronto oo wanaagsan iyo awoodda ka hortagga faragelinta. Iyo sababta oo ah dhamaadka gelinta ee optokoupler waa curiye daciif ah oo hooseeya kaas oo ku shaqeeya qaabka hadda jira, wuxuu leeyahay awood diidmo-qaabeed oo xooggan. Sidaa darteed, waxay si weyn u wanaajin kartaa saamiga signal-ilaa-sanqa sida curiyaha go'doominta ee gudbinta muddada-dheer. Sida qalab is-dhexgal ah oo loogu talagalay go'doominta calaamadaha ee isgaarsiinta dhijitaalka ah ee kumbuyuutarka iyo xakamaynta waqtiga-dhabta ah, waxay si weyn u kordhin kartaa kalsoonida shaqada kombiyuutarka.
7. wareegga ilaalinta xad-dhaafka ah
Shaqada wareegga ilaalinta xad-dhaafka ah waa in la ogaado tamarta wax soo saarka ee wareegga wax soo saarka. Marka korantada wax-soo-saarka taransfooriyuhu uu u kaco si aan caadi ahayn, wax-soo-saarka garaaca wadnaha ayaa damiyay kontaroolaha PWM si loo gaaro ujeedada ilaalinta wareegga.
Wareegga ilaalinta korantada ee badiyaa wuxuu ka kooban yahay kontaroolaha PWM, indho-sarcaadka, iyo tuubada xakamaynta danab. Sida ku cad shaxanka kore, tuubada xakamaynta danab ZD902 ama ZD903 ee jaantuska wareegga wareegga waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu ogaado danab soo-saarka.
Marka korantada wax soo saarka labaad ee beddelka beddelka ay u kacdo si aan caadi ahayn, tuubbada maamusha danabku ZD902 ama ZD903 waa la jebin doonaa, taas oo keeni doonta dhalaalka tuubada iftiimisa ee gudaha muraayadda inay si aan caadi ahayn u korodho, taasoo keenaysa pin labaad ee kontaroolaha PWM si aad uga gudubto muraayadda indhaha. Phototransistor-ka ku dhex jira aaladda waa la dejiyay, kontoroolka PWM wuxuu si deg deg ah u jarayaa wax soo saarka garaaca wadnaha ee pin 8, tuubada beddelka iyo beddelka beddelka ayaa isla markiiba joojiya shaqada si loo gaaro ujeedada ilaalinta wareegga.
Waqtiga boostada: Oct-07-2023